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Croswell Bowen (1905–1971) was an American political reporter, activist journalist, and biographer who contributed extensively to newspapers and magazines in the 1940s and 1950s. For his activist journalism, he was awarded a Benjamin Franklin Citation 〔 for an investigative report on low-level radiation risks, "The New Invisible Death Around Us." As a biographer, his ''Curse of the Misbegotten'', finalist for the National Book Award, was the first-full-length biography of Nobel Prize–winning dramatist Eugene O'Neill. Born in Toledo, Ohio, he was educated at the Choate School, Yale University, the Sorbonne, and the New School for Social Research. == Early career == Bowen made an early name for himself as a reporter, the "Rover Boy of Park Row," clattering down the stairs of the World Building, press card stuck in the brim of his fedora, breaking through police barriers calling out “I’m Bowen of the INS!" In Washington, DC, as an International News Service reporter, Bowen covered high-level government press conferences, where the atmosphere was more gentlemanly. Reporters carried walking sticks and submitted written questions in advance. Ignoring that custom, he directly grilled Secretary of State Stimson on the Mukden incident. His connection to the INS ended thereafter. Returned to New York's Greenwich Village, Bowen joined the company of the writers, artists and editors who gathered at the evening salon of best-selling popular historian Carl Carmer. His essay “I Was a Rich Man’s Son” appeared in a 1935 collection, the ''Forum and Century''. Having studied photography with Berenice Abbott at the New School, Bowen's opportunity to combine photography and writing came when Carl Carmer hired him to research the lives and lore of Hudson River folk for a volume in the Great Rivers of America series edited by Constance Lindsay Skinner. A prose/photography book of Bowen’s own followed, ''The Hudson: Great River of the Mountains'' published in 1940, its text and pictures showing the influence of the Federal Writers' Project version of American literary regionalism. When ''Life'' commissioned Margaret Bourke-White to photograph the Hudson, Bowen and Carmer went with her as guides. In 1941, he joined the American Field Service as an official photographer, was wounded during the battle of Tobruk in 1942, and received the Africa Star and the British Empire Medal. ''Back From Tobruk'', his account of that experience, was published in 2012. Returned to wartime New York City, Bowen gave speeches for the Victory Speakers’ Bureau under the Office of War Information and held a desk job at CBS, monitoring and writing the foreign news, but resigned when CBS overrode his protests and reported the dispatches of a known propaganda source as legitimate. For a proposed book, Bowen interviewed and corresponded with Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter, whose ideas about the role of the press in democracy inspired his subsequent career. In 1943, he joined the staff of PM Magazine, the New York tabloid legendary among newsmen for its policy against running advertising. PM staffers spanned a broad range of political viewpoints and included avowed Communists, although its editorials were generally left-liberal. Editors allowed reporters and photographers unusually free rein carrying out their work. Beginning as local news reporter and rising to Associate Editor, Bowen produced political reporting on subjects ranging from press freedom at William and Mary to the press buildup given Von Hayek, from the formation of the United Nations to domestic fascism, from to George C. Marshall to J. Parnell Thomas at the trial of the Hollywood Ten, all cited below, a stream of work that ended only when the paper folded in 1948. By then married and a father, Bowen moved to William Shawn’s ''New Yorker'' as a staff writer, where he wrote pieces for “Reporter at Large” and profiled criminals for “Annals of Crime.” Turning on the accused the same psychological attention he’d given to the powerful and famous, the profiles were published in 1954 as ''They Went Wrong.'' When Tammany politics surfaced again in mid-1950's New York, a Shawn assignment to write a piece on 19th Century Tammany Mayor A. Oakey Hall led to a year-long immersion in the New York Public Library and a third book, his first biography, ''The Elegant Oakey.'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Croswell Bowen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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